Document Type : Research articles
Authors
1 Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
2 Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
3 Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
4 Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
Abstract
Background: Temperament is a critical concept in Persian Medicine (PM) school, and its determinants independently affect human metabolism.
Objectives: The present study investigated the potential relationship between PM-based temperament and metabolic parameters.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the PERSIAN Organizational Cohort Study at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. The participants temperament, physical activity, and dietary intakes were assessed through valid questionnaires. Anthropometric indices were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and energy expenditure components were evaluated using indirect calorimetry.
Results: A total of 334 individuals entered the study. Cold-tempered participants were similar to the warm-tempered in terms of age, sex, general physical activities, and environmental conditions. Warm-tempered participants had lower intakes of spices (P=0.01). Moreover, warm-tempered subjects had more muscle mass (P=0.008) and body water (P=0.007). Finally, the lower metabolic rate in cold-tempered participants was not significant (resting energy expenditure=1468±337 vs. 1519±366 Kcal/day, for cold and warm-tempered subjects, respectively)
Conclusion: Findings of the present study supported the potential relationship between PM-based temperaments and dietary intakes, anthropometric indices, and metabolic parameters. However, further large-population-based studies are required to find the exact mechanisms and interrelations between modern nutrition propositions and PM concepts.
Keywords
- Hall JE, Hall ME. Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology e-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2020.
- Assfalg M, Bertini I, Colangiuli D, Luchinat C, Schäfer H, Schütz B, et al. Evidence of different metabolic phenotypes in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105(5):1420-4. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0705685105. [PubMed: 18230739].
- Hsiao H, Long D, Snyder K. Anthropometric differences among occupational groups. Ergonomics. 2002;45(2):136-52. doi: 10.1080/00140130110115372. [PubMed: 11964200].
- Bates S. Progress towards personalized medicine. Drug Discov Today. 2010;15(34):115-20. doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2009.11.001. [PubMed: 19914397].
- Mojahedi M, Naseri M, Majdzadeh R, Keshavarz M, Ebadini M, Nazem E, et al. Reliability and validity assessment of mizaj questionnaire: a novel self-report scale in Iranian traditional medicine. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2014;16(3):1-11. doi: 10.5812/ircmj.15924. [PubMed: 24829785].
- Rezadoost H, Karimi M, Jafari M. Proteomics of hot-wet and cold-dry temperaments proposed in Iranian traditional medicine: a Network-based Study. Sci Rep. 2016;6(1):1-8. doi: 10.1038/srep30133. [PubMed: 27452083].
- Shirbeigi L, Zarei A, Naghizadeh A, Vaghasloo MA. The concept of temperaments in traditional Persian medicine. Trad Integr Med. 2017;2(3):143-56.
- Nazem Jahan M. Exir-e A'zam. Tehran: Iran University of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medicine History, Islamic and Alternative Medicine; 2008.
- Avicenna. The Canon of medicine. Tehran: Soroush press; 2008. .
- Mahan LK, Raymond JL. Krause's food & the nutrition care process-e-book. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2016.
- Minich DM, Bland JS. Personalized lifestyle medicine: relevance for nutrition and lifestyle recommendations. Scientific World Journal. 2013;2013:1-14. doi: 10.1155/2013/129841. [PubMed: 23878520].
- Moghaddam AG, Andish M, Hemati H, Akrami R, Mohammadi M, Ghorat F. Relation between temperament and body mass index in teenage girls. Iran J Public Health. 2018;47(12):1973-5. [PubMed: 30788320].
- Minae MB, Soltani S, Besharat M, Karimi F, Nazem E. Temperament determination for melatonin: a bridge from Iranian traditional to modern sleep medicine. Afr J
- Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2013;10(2):340-2. doi: 10.4314/ajtcam.v10i2.20. [PubMed: 24146459].
- Farsani GM, Movahhed M, Motlagh AD, Hosseini S, Yunesian M, Farsani TM, et al. Is the Iranian Traditional Medicine warm and cold temperament related to Basal Metabolic Rate and activity of the sympathetic-parasympathetic system? Study protocol. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2014;13(1):74. doi: 10.1186/2251-6581-13-74.
- Farsani GM, Naseri M, Hosseini S, Saboor-Yaraghi AA, Kamalinejad M, Farsani TM, et al. The evaluation of basic and neurohormonal parameters in hot or cold temperament person proposed in Iranian traditional medicine: an observational study. J Contemp Med Sci. 2020;6(4):176-80. doi: 10.22317/jcms.v6i4.709.
- Parvizi MM, Nimrouzi M, Pasalar M, Salehi A, Hajimonfarednejad M, Amini F, et al. Association between personality types and temperament (Mizaj) based on persian medicine. Shiraz E-Med J. 2018;19(12):1-7. doi: 10.5812/semj.68950.
- Shahabi S, Hassan ZM, Mahdavi M, Dezfouli M, Rahvar MT, Naseri M, et al. Hot and Cold natures and some parameters of neuroendocrine and immune systems in traditional Iranian medicine: a preliminary study. J Altern Complement Med. 2008;14(2):147-56. doi: 10.1089/acm.2007.0693. [PubMed: 18307392].
- Naseri M, Ardakani MR. The school of traditional Iranian medicine: The definition, origin and advantages. J Int Soc History Islamic Med. 2004;3:17-21.
- Ardekani MR, Rahimi R, Javadi B, Abdi L, Khanavi M. Relationship between temperaments of medicinal plants and their major chemical compounds. J Tradit Chin Med. 2011;31(1):27-31. doi: 10.1016/s0254-6272(11)60006-x. [PubMed: 21563502].
- Tohidinezhad F, Khorsand A, Zakavi SR, Rezvani R, Zarei-Ghanavati S, Abrishami M, et al. The burden and predisposing factors of non-communicable diseases in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences personnel: a prospective 15-year organizational cohort study protocol and baseline assessment. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1637. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09704-3.
- Willett WC, Sampson L, Stampfer MJ, Rosner B, Bain C, Witschi J, et al. Reproducibility and validity of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Am J Epidemiol. 1985;122(1):51-65. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114086. [PubMed: 4014201].
- Poustchi H, Eghtesad S, Kamangar F, Etemadi A, Keshtkar AA, Hekmatdoost A, et al. Prospective epidemiological research studies in Iran (the PERSIAN Cohort Study): rationale, objectives, and design. Am J Epidemiol. 2018;187(4) 647-55. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwx314. [PubMed: 29145581].
- Moghaddam MB, Aghdam FB, Jafarabadi MA, Allahverdipour H, Nikookheslat SD, Safarpour S. The Iranian Version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in Iran: content and construct validity, factor structure, internal consistency and stability. World Appl Sci J. 2012;18(8):1073-80. doi: 10.5829/idosi.wasj.2012.18.08.754.
- Achour O, Elmtaoua S, Zellama D, Omezzine A, Moussa A, Rejeb J, et al. The C677T MTHFR genotypes influence the
- efficacy of B9 and B12 vitamins supplementation to
- lowering plasma total homocysteine in hemodialysis. J
- Nephrol. 2016;29(5):691-8. doi: 10.1007/s40620-015-0235-8. [PubMed: 26559681].
- Mohammadi FG, Naseri M, Movahed M, Dorosti MA. The association between basal metabolic rate and temperament in Iranian traditional medicine point of view. JIITM. 2017;8(1):29-34.
- Aghili SM. The Principal’s of Traditional Iranian Medicine (Kholassat Al-Hekmah). Iran: Esmaeilian; 2006.
', './data/ircmj/coversheet/cover_en.jpg'))