Research articles
Jin Zheng; Hong Chen; Ying Pan; Xin Yue
Volume 19, Issue 10 , October 2017, Pages 1-8
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality among females worldwide. There is no effective treatment for it, since the molecular mechanism underlying BC still remains unclear.Objectives: The current study aimed at identifying the hub pathways for BC based on ...
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Background: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality among females worldwide. There is no effective treatment for it, since the molecular mechanism underlying BC still remains unclear.Objectives: The current study aimed at identifying the hub pathways for BC based on pathway crosstalk networks (PCNs), and revealing the molecular mechanisms underlying BC.Methods: The current case-control bioinformatics analysis used the already published microarray data of BC. The currentfoundation-application study was performed in Moffitt cancer center, USA, in 2010. To begin with, the gene expression profile of BC (access number E-GEOD-10780), which included 185 samples (143 normal controls and 42 BC samples), was recruited from ArrayExpress database. Then, data pretreatment method was used. Next, the original pathways (OPs), original protein-protein interaction (PPI) network (OPPIN), and attract OPs (AOPs) were obtained. Then, the construction of background PCN (BPCN) and cancer PCN (CPCN) was performed, following by the degree analysis of pathways in the BPCN and CPCN to further identify hub pathways. Moreover, the cross-talks for hub pathways were extracted and termed as hub cross-talks.Results: There were 300 nodes and 42,293 edges in BPCN, and 283 nodes and 25,750 edges in CPCN. According to the degree results, it was found that the degree distribution of pathways for BPCN was concentrated, while that of CPCN was dispersed. Moreover, the degree of original pathways in BPCN was greater than that of the majority of AOPs in CPCN. Based on the threshold of RankProd < 0.01 and false discovery rate of AOP < 0.01, thirteen significant pathways were detected. Using the threshold of impact factor > 240, a total of 4 hub pathways including glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, Alzheimer disease, carbon metabolism, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were identified.Conclusions: Hub pathways such as glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and Alzheimer disease might be the potential signatures for BC therapy.
Research articles
Zeinab Jalambadani; Gholamreza Garmarodi; Mehdi Yaseri; Mahmood Tavousi; Korush Jafarian
Volume 19, Issue 10 , October 2017, Pages 1-6
Abstract
Background: The number of reported food illnesses in Iran has increased over the past 10 years.Objectives: The present study aimed at investigating the effect of education, based on the transtheoretical model (TTM) and the theory of planned behaviour (subjective norm and perceived behavioural control), ...
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Background: The number of reported food illnesses in Iran has increased over the past 10 years.Objectives: The present study aimed at investigating the effect of education, based on the transtheoretical model (TTM) and the theory of planned behaviour (subjective norm and perceived behavioural control), on reducing fast food consumption in obese Iranian female adolescents.Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, data were collected through a survey. This study included 420 obese Iranian female adolescents, aged 15 to 18 years, who were gathered from 12 schools in city of Sabzevar in Iran during 2014 tand 2016. Using a questionnaire, the demographic and anthropometric characteristics, transtheoretical model (TTM) constructs, subjective norm, andperceived behavioural control were measured and analysed.Results: The average rates of perceived behavioral control (11.949±2.876), subjective norms (16.515±4.877), stages of change (6.355 ± 1.342), processes of change (8.614 ± 3.406), and self-efficacy (22.447 ± 6.783) in the education group were meaningfully increased (P value < 0.05); however, these changes were not meaningful in the control group (P value > 0.05). Also, no statistically meaningful difference was obtained in decisional balance between the 2 groups after the intervention (P = 0/924).Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the use of TTM (except with decisional balance) focuses on the perceived behavioural control, and subjective norms can be used in educational interventions and have useful results.
Case reports
Sun Pyo Kim; Seong Jung Kim; Kyung Hoon Sun; Yongjin Park
Volume 19, Issue 10 , October 2017, Pages 1-5
Abstract
Introduction: Bulimia nervosa is a serious, potentially life-threatening eating disorder characterized by a cycle of bingeing and compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting to undo or compensate for the effects of binge eating.Case Presentation: We present a 24-year-old female patient with ...
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Introduction: Bulimia nervosa is a serious, potentially life-threatening eating disorder characterized by a cycle of bingeing and compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting to undo or compensate for the effects of binge eating.Case Presentation: We present a 24-year-old female patient with severe abdominal pain and distension after binge eating. This patient was admitted to the Chosun University hospital in Gwangju, Republic of Korea, on January 2017. In spite of conservative treatment, the symptoms were more aggravated. Therefore, we decided to conduct operative intervention. After gastrotomy, massive bleeding showed on nasogastric tube and drain site, then disseminated intravascular coagulopathy was developed. On the third postoperative day, the patient died despite of resuscitation.Conclusions: We should pay attention to gastric atony in bulimia nervosa. Therefore, we must prevent massive gastric dilation, constant gastrointestinal bleeding, and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy.
Research articles
Shahrbanoo Abdolhosseini; Fataneh Hashem-Dabaghian; Roshanak Mokaberinejad; Omid Sadeghpour; Mitra Mehrabani
Volume 19, Issue 10 , October 2017, Pages 1-10
Abstract
Background: Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP) affects approximately 50% - 80% of expecting mothers. NVP can impose negative effects on the quality of life; therefore, more attention should be paid to improve patients’ health outcomes.Objectives: The purpose of this trial was to evaluate ...
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Background: Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP) affects approximately 50% - 80% of expecting mothers. NVP can impose negative effects on the quality of life; therefore, more attention should be paid to improve patients’ health outcomes.Objectives: The purpose of this trial was to evaluate the efficacy of pomegranate and spearmint syrup on NVP.Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 74 pregnant women with moderate NVP were divided into 2 groups via block randomization method. A total of 24 and 31 patients were analyzed in the syrup and vitamin B6 groups, respectively. The 24-hour pregnancyunique quantification of emesis (PUQE-24) scale was used to examine the severity of NVP. The intervention included the use of pomegranate syrup (5 cc/TDS) plus vitamin B6 in the syrup group; on the other hand, the control group only received B6 tablets (20 mg/TDS) for 1 week. The subjects were followed-up for 1 week without any interventions. Data were analyzed, using Chi square test for qualitative variables, t test and Mann-Whitney U test for quantitative variables, and Friedman test for repeated measures.Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of demographic and pregnancy characteristics. The mean PUQE-24 score in the syrup group was 9.4 ± 1.8 at baseline, 4.6 ± 1.5 on day 7, and 4.8 ± 2.6 on day 14 (P < 0.001). The mean PUQE-24 score in the control group was 8.5 ± 1.5 at baseline, 6 ± 2.3 on day 7, and 6.2 ± 2.6 on day 14 (P < 0.001). Although a major decline in PUQE-24 scores was observed in both groups, it was more significant in the syrup group (P = 0.001). Also, the PUQE-24 score was significantly lower in the syrup group, compared to the control group on days 7 and 14 (P = 0.02). The visual analog scale scores also showed a greater reduction in the syrup group, compared to the control group (4.7 ± 2.8 vs. 1.6 ± 3; P = 0.001). No significant difference was observed between the groups regarding the duration of nausea, frequency of vomiting, and frequency of retching; also, no complications were reported.Conclusions: The effectiveness of pomegranate and spearmint syrup in reducing NVP was confirmed in the syrup group versus the control group with significant differences.
Case reports
Fares Najari; Masoud Ghadipasha; Ali Alimohammadi; Ideh Baradaran Kayal; Khadijeh Saravani
Volume 19, Issue 10 , October 2017, Pages 1-4
Abstract
Introduction: Septorhinoplasty is one of the most common cosmetic procedures in Iran. Intracranial complications such asmeningitis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea, pneumocephalus, and damage to the skull’s base are rare, but potential lifethreatening complications are associated with such ...
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Introduction: Septorhinoplasty is one of the most common cosmetic procedures in Iran. Intracranial complications such asmeningitis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea, pneumocephalus, and damage to the skull’s base are rare, but potential lifethreatening complications are associated with such procedures, though very few cases of intracranial complications after septorhinoplasty have been reported.Case Presentation: A 29-year-old woman was admitted to a limited surgery clinic in Tehran, Iran in 2015 for septorhinoplasty, and 4 days post-operation she complained of headache, drowsiness, and CSF rhinorrhea. The patient’s surgical complications included a skull base fracture, pneumocephalus, and an epidural hematoma.Conclusions: Prevention of life-threatening complications following septorhinoplasty is important. Prevention, early detection, and appropriate treatment of intracranial complications will result in fewer catastrophic outcomes. To prevent damage to the skull base and other cerebral complications, it is necessary that surgeons use a suitable technique, understand appropriate anatomical information, maintain awareness of possible anatomic variations, and practice gentle manipulation of the ethmoid roof.
Research articles
Hedayatollah Vakili; Hasan Enayati; Alireza Dashipour
Volume 19, Issue 10 , October 2017, Pages 1-9
Abstract
Background: Neuraxial anesthesia is an acceptable technique in pregnant females for cesarean section and up to 71% of pregnant patients have hemodynamic complications, especially hypotension.Objectives: This study aimed at comparing the effectiveness of phenylephrine versus ephedrine in treatment of ...
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Background: Neuraxial anesthesia is an acceptable technique in pregnant females for cesarean section and up to 71% of pregnant patients have hemodynamic complications, especially hypotension.Objectives: This study aimed at comparing the effectiveness of phenylephrine versus ephedrine in treatment of maternal hypotension due to spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean section to determine drug efficacy and fewer side effects.Methods: In this randomized double blind clinical study, 124 pregnant females, who were admitted to Ali ibn Abi Talib hospital in Zahedan, Iran, between 2015 and 2016, for elective cesarean section, were selected by the Block randomization sampling method. The samples were divided to 4 groups: Group I received 5 mg ephedrine bolus, Group II was administered 10 mg bolus ephedrine, Group III were delivered phenylephrine bolus of 50 mcg, and Group IV 100 mcg phenylephrine bolus in case of hypotension. Neonatal outcome and maternal side effects, hemodynamics changes, and Apgar score were controlled and recorded.Results: In terms of hemodynamic parameters (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse rate), there was a significant difference between the groups (P < 0.0001). The umbilical arterial pH value and base excess between ephedrine and phenylephrine groups were significantly different (P < 0.0001), and fetal acidosis in the ephedrine group was found. Nausea and vomiting was significant between the 2 groups (P = 0.03), while the incidence of nausea and vomiting in the ephedrine group was higher than the other groups. There was no difference between the 2 groups in the first- and fifth-minute Apgar (P = 1).Conclusions: Control of blood pressure during spinal 50-mcg phenylephrine is recommended.
Research articles
Seyed Vahid Ahmadi Tabatabaei; Hassan Eftekhar Ardabili; Ali Akbar Haghdoost; Maryam Dastoorpoor; Nouzar Nakhaee; Mohsen Shams
Volume 19, Issue 10 , October 2017, Pages 1-8
Abstract
Background: Theory of planned behavior (TPB) has not been adequately addressed in the field of physical activity among Iranian women.Objectives: This study aimed to determine factors affecting physical activity behavior among women based on the theory of planned behavior.Methods: This cross-sectional ...
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Background: Theory of planned behavior (TPB) has not been adequately addressed in the field of physical activity among Iranian women.Objectives: This study aimed to determine factors affecting physical activity behavior among women based on the theory of planned behavior.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 398 women in Kerman, Iran. The women were selected through the multistage random sampling method. Data were collected using the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) and a researchermade questionnaire based on the constructs of the theory of planned behavior and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM).Results: The mean age (SD) of participants was 36.9 (9.9). Perceived behavioral control (β = 0. 16, P = 0. 013) and behavioral intention (β = 0.16, P = 0.005) had a significant positive direct effect on physical activity behavior. Moreover, instrumental attitude (β = 0.04, P = 0.003), subjective norms (β = 0.04, P = 0.003) and perceived behavioral control (β = 0.03, P = 0.002) had a significant positive indirect effect on physical activity behavior. Behavioral intention and perceived behavioral control constructs predicted 6% of variance of physical activity behavior.Conclusions: Given that the constructs of behavioral intention and perceived behavioral control could predict physical activity behavior, health promotion interventions should be designed with an emphasis on these factors in order to promote physical activity in women.
Letter to Editor
Hamid Taghinejad; Gholamreza Noori; Elham Mohammadyari; Hamed Tavan
Volume 19, Issue 10 , October 2017, Pages 1-2
Abstract
In Iran, nurses do not have the authority to prescribe medications and only physicians have such an authority. However, due to the development of societies and enrichment of knowledge, other health groups such asnurses can also prescribe medications consistent with their knowledge and acquired experiences. ...
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In Iran, nurses do not have the authority to prescribe medications and only physicians have such an authority. However, due to the development of societies and enrichment of knowledge, other health groups such asnurses can also prescribe medications consistent with their knowledge and acquired experiences. In the developed countries such as America and Australia, prescribing medications by nurses is permitted, but because of somereasons, it has not been permitted in Iran yet. Prescribing medications by nurses shortens the time of taking effectivemedications by the patients for their treatment (1).
Research articles
Zhi-Hua Wang; Dong Xiang; Jun-Jie Dong; Shao-Xuan He; Li-Min Guo; Jia Lv; Wei Wei; Nan-Nan Kou; Jun Shu
Volume 19, Issue 10 , October 2017, Pages 1-6
Abstract
Background: Pathway analysis is the first choice for gaining insight into the underlying biology of disease, as it reduces complexity and increases explanatory power.Objectives: The purpose of our paper was to investigate dysregulated pathways between ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients as well as normal ...
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Background: Pathway analysis is the first choice for gaining insight into the underlying biology of disease, as it reduces complexity and increases explanatory power.Objectives: The purpose of our paper was to investigate dysregulated pathways between ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients as well as normal controls based on the pathway interaction network (PIN) related analysis.Methods: This is a case-control bioinformatics analysis using already published microarray data of AS. It was conducted in Kunming, China from October 2015 to June 2016. We recruited the gene expression profile of AS from the ArrayExpress database (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress/) with the accessing number of E-GEOD-25101. E-GEOD-25101 existed on A-MEXP-1171 - Illumina HumanHT-12 v3.0 Expression BeadChip Platform and was comprised of 32 samples (16 AS samples and 16 normal samples). Meanwhile, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) data and pathway data were retrieved from Search Tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins (STRING, http://string-db.org/) as well as Reactome databases, respectively. Furthermore, according to the principal component analysis (PCA) method, the seed pathway was selected by computing the activity score for each pathway. A PIN was constructed dependent on the data and Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC). Dysregulated pathways were captured from the PIN by utilizing the seed pathway and the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) index.Results: The PIN consisted of 1022 pathways and 7314 interactions, of which, 3’-UTR-mediated translational regulation was the seed pathway (absolute change of activity score = 10.962). Starting from the seed pathway, a minimum set of pathways with AUROC = 0.902 was extracted from the PIN. Consequently, a total of 11 dysregulated pathways were identified for AS compared with normal controls, such as L13a-mediated translational silencing of Ceruloplasmin expression, GTP hydrolysis, as well as joining of the 60S ribosomal subunit.Conclusions: These results might be available to provide potential biomarkers to diagnose AS as well as give a hand to reveal pathological mechanism of this diseas
Research articles
Zohreh Ahmadi; Zahra Abbaspoor; Naser Behroozy; Amal Saki Malehi
Volume 19, Issue 10 , October 2017, Pages 1-7
Abstract
Background: Studies show that infertility can result in body image changes, which can majorly affect personality.Objectives: The current study aimed to determine the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on body image in infertile women.Methods: This clinical trial was performed on 24 infertile ...
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Background: Studies show that infertility can result in body image changes, which can majorly affect personality.Objectives: The current study aimed to determine the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on body image in infertile women.Methods: This clinical trial was performed on 24 infertile women, admitted to the Infertility Research and Treatment Center of Ahvaz, Iran in 2016-2017. In the first stage, convenience sampling was applied, and the participants were allocated to 2 groups (12 patients per group), using a table of random numbers. The experimental group participated in 10 sessions of CBT weekly, based on the 8-step program by Cash. body-self relations questionnaire and Beck Self-Concept inventory were completed in each group before, immediately after, and 1 month after the intervention.Results: After the intervention, the mean scores of body image were 156.9 ± 3.4 and 148.7 ± 4.8 in the experimental and control groups, respectively; the difference was significant (P = 0.025), and the effects persisted until the follow-up.Conclusions: CBT based on the 8-step program by Cash can improve the body image of infertile women through challenging and improving their irrational beliefs about their bodies.
Research articles
Pari Rahi; Mojgan Mirghafourvand; Sakineh Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi,; Yousef Javadzadeh
Volume 19, Issue 10 , October 2017, Pages 1-8
Abstract
Objectives: To compare the effects of mefenamic acid versus quince on menorrhagia and quality of life.Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted on women with menorrhagia. The participants were allocated into 2 groups through block randomization. The first group (n, 72) received quince pills, ...
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Objectives: To compare the effects of mefenamic acid versus quince on menorrhagia and quality of life.Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted on women with menorrhagia. The participants were allocated into 2 groups through block randomization. The first group (n, 72) received quince pills, while the second group (n, 74) used mefenamic acid pills for 3 consecutive cycles. The participants completed the pictorial blood loss assessment chart (PBAC) before and during the intervention. Moreover, the short-form health survey (SF-36) was completed before and 3 months after the intervention.Results: The mean PBAC scores decreased significantly in both groups. The mean PBAC score in the quince group decreased from 173.6 (SD, 53.8) before the intervention to 116.7 (51.7), 86.4 (43.1), and 68.9 (36.4), respectively in the first, second, and third months after the intervention. The mean PBAC scores in the mefenamic acid group was 176.8 (54.3) at baseline and 106.6 (50.40), 81.6 (38.7), and 63.8 (33.8), respectively in the first, second, and third months after the intervention. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of the mean PBAC score (P = 0.183). Similarly, after the intervention, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of physical health (P = 0.476) and mental health (P = 0.572) components of quality of life.Conclusions: Quince pills were as effective as mefenamic acid pills in reducing the intensity of menstrual bleeding. Therefore, they seem to be a proper alternative for mefenamic acid.
Sahar Dalvand; Zahra Salehi; Masoud Taheri Asl; Hossein Zahednezhad; Nazli Ebrahimi; Mahboubeh Nazari; Vahid Rahmani; Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh; Fereshteh Mazhariazad
Volume 19, Issue 10 , October 2017, Pages 1-5
Abstract
Background: Hypertension is a risk factor that may lead to development of Atherosclerosis (ATS). Recent studies have emphasized on the importance of high blood pressure and cholesterol on cardiovascular diseases.Objectives: This study aimed to simultaneously examine factors that affect total cholesterol ...
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Background: Hypertension is a risk factor that may lead to development of Atherosclerosis (ATS). Recent studies have emphasized on the importance of high blood pressure and cholesterol on cardiovascular diseases.Objectives: This study aimed to simultaneously examine factors that affect total cholesterol (TC), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) using the mixed response model.Methods: This cross-sectional study comprised of 245 participants, hospitalized at Shahid Madani state hospital, Khorramabad-Iran diagnosed with ATS in fall and winter 2014. The method of sampling was convenience sampling and the participants were selected through census of all the patients hospitalized in different cardiac wards, except for angiography.Results: Systolic blood pressure was significantly associated with fasting blood glucose (FBG) (P = 0.001), C - reactive protein (CRP) (P = 0.021), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (P = 0.004), and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (P = 0.002). In addition, FBG (P=0.002), CRP (P = 0.011) and LDL-C (P = 0.027) levels were significantly associated with DBP. It was revealed that age (P = 0.016), smoking (P = 0.010), triglyceride (TG) (P = 0.001) and FBG (P = 0.021) were significantly associated with TC.Conclusions: Cardiovascular diseases are highly prevalent and there are many risk factors. Therefore, it is necessary to provide proper education on changing life style and preventing the disease.
Research articles
Sila Korun; Nerin Nadir Bahceciler; Mustafa Murat Uncu; Nilufer Galip; Ceyhun Dalkan; Serap Cetiner
Volume 19, Issue 10 , October 2017, Pages 1-7
Abstract
Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most frequent chronic diseases among infants and preschool-aged children.Objectives: Our objective was to determine an association between umbilical cord blood 25(OH)D level and early childhood caries.Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted ...
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Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most frequent chronic diseases among infants and preschool-aged children.Objectives: Our objective was to determine an association between umbilical cord blood 25(OH)D level and early childhood caries.Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at Near East University (NEU) Medical hospital in Cyprus during 2013-2016. All pregnant women followed by NEU gynecology and obstetrics clinic were invited to participate in the study. Cord blood serum samples were collected after birth and analyzed for 25(OH)D levels. Infants underwent dental examinations, and questionnaire information was gathered from parents of infants between 1 and 2 years of age.Results: Among 120 deliveries, 90 mothers accepted to participate and supply cord blood. 40 of them were excluded; therefore,50 toddlers were recruited to participate (mean age 20.2 ± 3.1 months, male/female: 23/27) and all of them attended the dental and questionnaire evaluations related to participants aged 1 - 2 years. Cord blood 25(OH)D level (mean: 25.6 ± 11.6 ng/mL) was found to be seriously low in 12%, low in 20%, deficient in 28%, and optimal in 40%. 34% of the infants had ECC. Oral hygiene habits and low cord blood level of 25(OH)D were significantly associated with the development of ECC (P = 0.039 and P = 0.002, respectively). Logistic regression analysis revealed that lower cord blood 25(OH)D level was significantly associated with ECC (P = 0.007).Discussion: This study demonstrated the impact of low neonatal 25(OH)D level on the development of ECC. Based on these results, it can be suggested that measuring 25(OH)D levels of mothers during pregnancy can help maintain an optimal maternal and offspring vitamin D level, thereby protecting the infant’s dental health.
Ali Akbar Ahmadi; Mohammad Javad Alemzadeh-Ansari; Yaser Jenab; Neda Ghaffari-Marandi
Volume 19, Issue 10 , October 2017, Pages 1-6
Abstract
Background: In the absence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), various conditions may increase the level of cardiac troponins.Objectives: We aimed to determine the absolute and relative changes of high-sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) in 2 groups of patients: non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction ...
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Background: In the absence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), various conditions may increase the level of cardiac troponins.Objectives: We aimed to determine the absolute and relative changes of high-sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) in 2 groups of patients: non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and non-ACS patients.Methods: In this longitudinal study, performed between December 2011 and July 2012, we calculated the absolute and relative changes of hs-cTnT and troponin velocity in consecutive patients, admitted to the emergency department of Tehran Heart Center. The patients had symptoms of acute MI with elevated baseline hs-cTnT levels. Blood sampling was performed 3 times following admission. The hs-cTnT changes were evaluated and compared between the 2 groups of NSTEMI and non-ACS patients.Results: After exclusion, the second and third samples (taken 12 and 36 hours after admission on average, respectively) were available in 889 and 641 patients, respectively. Cardiovascular risk factors, including hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and history of coronary events or intervention, were significantly more frequent in the NSTEMI group, compared to the non-ACS group. The hs-cTnT level at baseline and in the subsequent samples was significantly higher in the NSTEMI group, compared to the non-ACS group. Also, the absolute and relative changes in hs-cTnT were more significant in the NSTEMI group. Moreover, hs-cTnT velocity within the first 12 hours was significantly higher in the NSTEMI group, compared to the non-ACS group (18.85±84.89 ng/L/h vs. 4.96 ± 14.58 ng/L/h; P < 0.001).Conclusions: The changes in hs-cTnT (ie, absolute, relative, and velocity changes) were more significant in the NSTEMI group in comparison with non-ACS patients.
Research articles
Maryam Moradinasab; Afshin Ostovar; Iraj Nabipour; Seyed Sajjad Eghbali; Katayoun Vahdat; Abbas Ghaderi; Mohamad Reza Farzaneh; Mohammad Reza Ravanbod
Volume 19, Issue 10 , October 2017, Pages 1-6
Abstract
Background: TP53 tumor suppressor gene participates in several pathways involving in carcinogenesis such as cell cycle control, DNA repair, and apoptosis. A common TP53 SNP (guanine/cytosine nucleotide substitution at codon 72), rs1042522, affects the function of p53 protein and may influence tumor ...
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Background: TP53 tumor suppressor gene participates in several pathways involving in carcinogenesis such as cell cycle control, DNA repair, and apoptosis. A common TP53 SNP (guanine/cytosine nucleotide substitution at codon 72), rs1042522, affects the function of p53 protein and may influence tumor behavior in response to environmental carcinogens.Objectives: This study investigates the association between TP53 codon 72 polymorphisms, tobacco smoking, and breast cancer risk in southern Iranian women from Bushehr.Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 144 cases with histologically confirmed invasive breast carcinoma and 162 randomly selected healthy controls with no previous cancer history in their family. TP53 codon 72 genotype was determined by using restriction fragment length polymorphism- polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) technique.Results: Analysis revealed that smoking frequency was significantly higher in cases compared to controls (OR = 2.31, 95%CI = 1.33-3.99, P = 0.003) and the association between smoking and breast cancer was only significant for individuals with Arg/Pro genotype (OR = 3.23, 95% CI = 1.47 - 7.06, P = 0.003). On the other hand, there was no statistically considerable difference in the allele and genotype distribution between cases and controls.Conclusions: These results should be confirmed in larger studies, but suggest that TP53 Arg/Pro genotypemodifies the risk of breast cancer in tobacco smokers and causes significantly more susceptibility to breast cancer due to smoking.
Research articles
Afsaneh Alikhassi; Maryam Rahmani; Nasrin Ahmadinejad; Sona Akbari; Farzin Roozafzai; Zahra Alikhassy Habibabadi
Volume 19, Issue 10 , October 2017, Pages 1-7
Abstract
Background: No information has been published on the effectiveness of digital non-diagnostic opportunistic screening mammography in Iran that is measured by recall rate as one of its indices.Objectives: In this longitudinal study, we measured recall rate of non-diagnostic mammography at a tertiary referral ...
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Background: No information has been published on the effectiveness of digital non-diagnostic opportunistic screening mammography in Iran that is measured by recall rate as one of its indices.Objectives: In this longitudinal study, we measured recall rate of non-diagnostic mammography at a tertiary referral university hospital and made a comparison with reported international data.Methods: We examined 9395 digital mammograms performed in 2014 - 2015 from which, 2930 were the first-time and 6465 were subsequent mammography. The patients were referred to the university hospital by their clinicians during annual check-ups while none of them had any chief complaint. The mean age was 49 years. We calculated recall rate, sensitivity, specificity, and cancer detection rate.Results: Breast cancer was diagnosed in 80 patients. Recall rates were 29% for the first-time and 22% for subsequent mammography, and the overall rate of cancer incidence was 8.5 per 1000 mammograms (80/9395) with specificity of 75.9%, sensitivity of 97.5%, PPV of 3.4%, and NPV of 99%.Conclusions: The recall rate was much higher in this setting than the acceptable range reported in literature. However, the sensitivity and detection rate were higher; thus, the higher recall rate could be due to some differences in the patient population such as being at younger ages and higher risks.
Research articles
Mehri Khoshhali; Iraj Kazemi; Sayed Mohsen Hosseini; Shiva Seirafian
Volume 19, Issue 10 , October 2017, Pages 1-7
Abstract
Background: The change and trend in serum albumin levels after initiation of peritoneal dialysis may be a crucial determinant for clinical outcomes.Objectives: The current study aimed at determining the association between the trajectory of serum albumin and the 3-year clinical outcomes using a novel ...
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Background: The change and trend in serum albumin levels after initiation of peritoneal dialysis may be a crucial determinant for clinical outcomes.Objectives: The current study aimed at determining the association between the trajectory of serum albumin and the 3-year clinical outcomes using a novel approach joint modeling longitudinal and survival data. Furthermore, the current study was performed to compare the impact of baseline and trajectory serum albumin on predictability of 3-year outcomes.Methods: The current retrospective longitudinal study reviewed all of the available files of the patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in Al-Zahra hospital, Isfahan, Iran, from May 2005 to March 2015. A total of 183 patients with at least 3 years follow-up were selected for the study. The independent variables of interest were baseline and the trajectories of serum albumin, age, gender, history of previous hemodialysis (HD), body mass index (BMI), baseline serum creatinine, and comorbidity including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The outcomes of interest were death from all causes, transfer to HD and transplantation during the first 3 years of CAPD.Results: The patient and technique survival rates at 36 months were 71% and 77%, respectively. C-indexes (prediction errors) of mortality, transfer to HD, and transplantation for joint modeling with trajectories of serum albumin were higher (lower) than those of the Cox regression with baseline albumin. Hazard ratios of mortality, transfer to HD, and transplantation for trajectories of serum albumin were 0.409, 0.273, and 3.394, respectively.Conclusions: The current study indicated that the predictability of 3-year clinical outcomes using trajectories of serum albumin was higher than those of the baseline. According to the findings of the current study, it seems that controlling serum albumin over time in patients undergoing CAPD, particularly the ones with the history of diabetes and HD, can help to prevent or modify the clinical outcomes during the PD period.
Case reports
Tahmine Tavakoli; Peyman Adibi; Mohammad Hossein Sanei; Kiyan Heshmat-Ghahdarijani
Volume 19, Issue 10 , October 2017, Pages 1-3
Abstract
Introduction: Mucormycosis of the gastrointestinal tract is a rare invasive fungal infection and due to late diagnosis, it is associated with a high mortality rate.Case Presentation: The studied patient was a 20-year-old woman, known case of Ulcerative colitis, admitted to emergency unit of Alzahra hospital ...
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Introduction: Mucormycosis of the gastrointestinal tract is a rare invasive fungal infection and due to late diagnosis, it is associated with a high mortality rate.Case Presentation: The studied patient was a 20-year-old woman, known case of Ulcerative colitis, admitted to emergency unit of Alzahra hospital of Isfahan University Of Medical Sciences, Iran, in May of 2013 by abdominal pain, fever, and leucopenia. With possible diagnosis of typhlitis, she underwent laparotomy. Gangrene, inflammation, and obstruction of 30 centimeter of jejunum and momentum were detected. Pathology reported neutropenic enteritis due to zygomatic infection consist with intestinal mucormycosis.Conclusions: In patients with high clinical suspicion of gastrointestinal tract mucormycosis, the emergence of early diagnosis, correction of underlying risk factors, and treatment are of great importance.
Research articles
Nasrin Hanif; Masomeh Masoumi; Mohammad Reza Jamshidi; Soghrat Faghihzadeh
Volume 19, Issue 10 , October 2017, Pages 1-8
Abstract
Background: The relationship between the oral care and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) was confirmed in patients undergoing ventilation.Objectives: The current study aimed at investigating the effects of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and ozonated water on the prevention of VAP.Methods: The current ...
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Background: The relationship between the oral care and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) was confirmed in patients undergoing ventilation.Objectives: The current study aimed at investigating the effects of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and ozonated water on the prevention of VAP.Methods: The current double-blind, randomized, clinical trial with the experimental and control groups was conducted in Iran in 2014. In the current study, 75 inpatients undergoing ventilation were grouped through the convenience sampling method and randomly allocated into 2 groups based on the inclusion criteria. In the experimental group (39 patients), oral care provided by ozonated water, while in the control group (35 patients), oral care was provided via CHX. Clinical pulmonary infection score (CPIS) was used to examine the rate of VAP infection.Results: According to the results of the current study, the occurrence rate of VAP in the experimental and control groups were 2.4% and 8.3%, respectively that was equal until the 3rd day (P value = 0.339). However, on the 4th day, the VAP occurrence rate in the experimental group (14.6%) was significantly lower than that of the control group (30.6%) (P value = 0.02).Conclusions: Based on the results, ozonated water wasmore effective to prevent VAP than CHX.Ozone water can be used as a suitable alternative mouthwash in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation.
Case reports
Hulya Aslan; Aysin Pourbagher; Ali Ezer; Filiz Aka Bolat; Hakan Yabanoglu
Volume 19, Issue 10 , October 2017, Pages 1-6
Abstract
Introduction: Primary and secondary angiosarcomas of the breast are rare neoplasms. Radiologically, magnetic resonance imaging, mammography, and ultrasound (US) findings of angiosarcomas have been reported previously. However, ultrasound (US) elastography findings of angiosarcoma have not been reported ...
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Introduction: Primary and secondary angiosarcomas of the breast are rare neoplasms. Radiologically, magnetic resonance imaging, mammography, and ultrasound (US) findings of angiosarcomas have been reported previously. However, ultrasound (US) elastography findings of angiosarcoma have not been reported yet. Currently, US elastography should be used commonly to decide biopsy or short-term follow- up of breast lesions.Case Presentation: A 39-year-old female from Adana, Turkey, was admitted to Dr.Turgut Noyan Adana Teaching and Medical Research Center at the breast center of Baskent University, with a palpable right breast mass, which had been enlarging for one year in 2015. Our breast center is a tertiary referral center. B-mode US and US elastography findings suggested that the lesion was benign; however, magnetic resonance imaging showed a mass enhancing intensely at early phases with rapid wash out. The final diagnosis of the mastectomy specimen confirmed low-grade angiosarcoma. If the recommendation would have been based on the elastography findings, it would have been catastrophic because angiosarcomas tend to rapidly increase in size.Conclusions: B-mode US and elastography findings of breast angiosarcoma may mimic benign lesions.
Research articles
Zahra Pourkhiz; Sakineh Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi; Mojgan Mirghafourvand; Sakineh Haj-Ebrahimi; Fariba Ghaderi
Volume 19, Issue 10 , October 2017, Pages 1-8
Abstract
Background: Current evidence on the effect of pelvic floor muscle (PFM) training for promoting sexual function is limited. Recent reviews indicate need for high quality trials in this area.Objectives: To examine the effect of PFM training on sexual function (primary outcome), sexual quality of life, ...
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Background: Current evidence on the effect of pelvic floor muscle (PFM) training for promoting sexual function is limited. Recent reviews indicate need for high quality trials in this area.Objectives: To examine the effect of PFM training on sexual function (primary outcome), sexual quality of life, and PFM strength (secondary outcomes) in pregnant and postpartum women.Methods: This was an assessor-blind two parallel arm superiority trial. A total of 84 nulliparous women with a singleton pregnancy at 17 - 20 weeks, aged 18 - 35 years, were recruited using purposive sampling among clients of five public health centers or two governmental maternity clinics in Sari-Iran. The recruitment was done from May to November 2014 and follow up ended on July 2015. Participants were equally allocated into either PFM training or routine care groups using block randomization. Women allocated to the PFM group received 4 sessions of supervised training, with practical, oral, and written instructions on how to continue performing regular PFM exercises at home. Female sexual function index, sexual quality of life questionnaire-female, and Oxford scoring were used to assess the outcomes at 28 - 30 weeks gestation and 80 - 90 days following birth.Results: There was one loss to follow-up from each group. A total of 6 women had not exercised regularly. Compared with the control group, the mean total sexual function score was significantly greater in the PFM training group during both pregnancy (29.3 vs 21.1; adjusted difference 9.4, 95%CI 7.7 to 11.0, P < 0.001) and postpartum (28.7 vs 16.0; adjusted difference 13.0, 95%CI 12.1 to 13.9, P < 0.001).Also, almost all domains of sexual function, sexual quality of life, and PFM strength during both periods improved significantly in women who received the PFM training compared with the controls.Conclusions: Based on the results, PFM training during pregnancy and postpartum could improve sexual function in nulliparous women. Therefore, it should be recommended to all of the women.
